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In the vast panorama of human health, a threatening realm emerges: the kingdom of tumors. Today, we embark on a comprehensive exploration that delves into the intricate world of tumors, placing a particular focus on the unsettling presence of laryngeal tumors. Despite the uninviting nature of the topic, it is precisely in these dark corridors of medical reality that stories of resilience and triumph of research emerge.
2020 was a pivotal year that left an indelible mark on the European Union. With the harsh reality of 5.18 million lives lost, including 1.27 million due to cancer, and unfortunately, the numbers of new cases are not reassuring: 2.95 million, highlighting the fragility and vulnerability of human life (static infographic). The top two causes of death were diseases of the circulatory system and cancer, but the emergence of COVID-19 added a new and formidable challenge, securing the third spot as the leading cause of death (*Fig.1).
Italy, not immune to global challenges, positively distinguished itself in the fight against cancer. According to the Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat), the country recorded a trend of cancer mortality rates below the EU average in 2020. (*Fig. 2)
Our attention today is focused on a specific type of cancer: laryngeal cancer. The larynx, known as the "voice box," is a crucial organ in human phonation, located in the front of the neck. The vocal cords it contains play a fundamental role in sound production. However, despite its importance, the larynx is not immune to health-related challenges, and one of the most serious threats it can face is represented by cancer. In statistical terms, cancer accounts for 24% of all deaths, and within this percentage, laryngeal tumors contribute 0.74% (*Fig.3).
Laryngeal cancer is like an intruder that infiltrates the melody of the voice, undermining the ability to breathe and swallow, casting a shadow on the vitality and joy of life of those affected. This silent enemy, which can arise in different parts of the larynx, often finds fertile ground in harmful habits such as tobacco smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. (*Fig.5)
Approximately 90% of patients with these neoplasms smoke and drink alcohol, significantly increasing the risk of developing this pathology. The onset age of smoking among adolescents is decreasing, with 54% having already smoked at 14 years old, only 19% having never smoked, while 66% have consumed alcoholic beverages at 11 years old. (*Fig.6)
The danger also extends to excessive exposure to chemicals and infection with the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), responsible for cervical cancer as well. (*Fig.7)
Changes in voice, such as hoarseness or difficulty speaking clearly, swallowing, chewing, or breathing, should never be overlooked. Persistent feelings of having something in the throat, sore throat, cough (especially if accompanied by blood) should prompt seeking medical attention. (*Fig.9)
In the context of the battle against laryngeal cancer, prevention is a crucial pillar. Early diagnosis is essential because healing rates rise to over 90% if the condition is diagnosed in the early stages. (*Fig.10)
It is imperative to focus on spreading good information and education from a young age. Choosing to avoid smoking and alcohol consumption represents a fundamental step. Furthermore, medicine has made significant progress in preventing the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), responsible for some cases of laryngeal cancer, as in 2007, the Italian Medicines Agency (Aifa) introduced the HPV vaccine. Prevention is only part of the equation; early diagnosis plays a crucial role, and in the presence of suspicious symptoms, the most useful examination is laryngoscopy, a painless procedure that allows the doctor to examine the larynx and vocal cords. Another minimally invasive method known as the "Smart Test," developed by Biogem and funded by the Campania Region POR Campania Fers 2014-2020, will be introduced to the market for early diagnosis of laryngeal tumors (we will discuss this in more detail in the next phase).
In conclusion, adopting a healthy lifestyle, including avoiding smoking, adopting a balanced diet, and regularly engaging in physical activity, can contribute to preventing up to 40% of cancer cases. The voice, a precious instrument of communication and expression, deserves to be protected from this silent threat. Ongoing research and the promotion of healthy lifestyles remain the most powerful weapons to preserve the melody of the voice and the joy of life for those facing this disease.
The Fight For Health Team
(*Dynamic infographic)
